(Foto: Arkivu FM)
Fundasaun Mahein, 23 Outubru 2014
Komunikadu Imprensa
Iha Mahein Nia Lian Nú. 88 (Relatoriu kompletu versaun Tetun.pdf) (English Version.pdf) sei ko’alia kona-bá Timor-Leste sai hanesan nasaun Repúblika Demokrátika Timor-Leste (RDTL) hafoin livre husi okupasaun Indonezia durante tinan 24. Timor Leste ninia fronteira terestre liga direitamente ho Nasaun Indonezia, iha ne’ebé luan maizumenus kilometru 228 husi total area hamutuk 15,0072 km, inklui baliza maritima nian.
Liña fronteira sai kestaun ba siguransa soberania nasaun nian, ne’ebé presiza iha polítika no estratejia husi governu atu antisipa ba ameasa transnasional hanesan krime organizadu, trafiku humanu, droga no atividade illegal seluk ne’ebé konsidera hanesan tentativa no ameasa ba siguransa nasional.
Esforsu ne’ebé governu Timor-Leste halo hodi garantia ba estabilidade nasional mak politika kooperasaun bilateral entre Timor-Leste no Indonezia liu husi siguransa fronteira, ne’ebé lidera husi Ajensia estadu sira hanesan Unidade Polísia Fronteira-UPF, Servisu Migrasaun, Alfandega, Komersiu, Karantina, DNTT no instituisaun relevante sira seluk.
Politika governu ne’ebé implemanta kontinua hetan obstaklu oin-oin, intermus operasaun instituisaun sira iha postu integradu sira hodi labele asegura diak ba ameasa transnasional ne’ebé hakat liu fronteira, nomos merkadu tradisional iha fronteira ne’ebé seidauk funsional ho diak fo oportunidade ba komersiu illegal kontinua invade liña fronteira.
Iha sorin seluk nivel kontrolu sei kontinua iha situasaun frajil relasiona ho limitasaun ba menus rekursu humanus, kapasidade institusional, fasilidade no ekipamentu nu’udar tentativa ba siguransa nasional. Ho situasaun frajil iha fronteira grupu krime organizadu no pesoal negosiu aproveita halo transaksaun droga, sasan illegal no ekipamentu militar nian ne’ebé fo ameasa ba siguransa nasional.
Problema seluk mak governu trasa ona polítika “Boarder Pass” ba distritu ne’ebé baliza ho Indonezia hanesan Distritu Cova Lima, Bobonaro no Oe-cusse nune’e bele fasilita atividade komunidade halo komersiu, kultural no vizita familia iha fronteira. Maibe problema iha nivel kontrolu ne’ebé ladun efisinte hamosu iregularidade barak no komunidade balu kontinua viola “Boarder Pass” hili dalan “Tikus” hakat fronteira.
Tuir Fundasaun Mahein nia monitorizasaun indentifika katak komunidade balu ladun hatene informasaun kona-bá uza “Boarder Pass” hodi utiliza sala “Boarder Pass” bá vizita nia familia iha Distritu Cova Lima hakat mai to’o iha sidade Dili no hela fulan ba fulan, nune’e mos komunidade Timor-Leste balu uza “Boarder Pass” hakat liu provensia seluk hanesan Kupang no Bali.
Iha mos problema seluk ne’ebé FM indentifika iha area fronteira mak hanesan kondisaun atual Unidade Polísia Fronteira-UPF infrenta mak falta ekipamentu no fasilidade hanesan lampada, minoklu no JPS hodi prejudika serbisu UPF iha tempu kalan. Kazu konkretu mak postu UPF Wala-Lama laiha bee-mos no membru sira atu tein no haris tenke ba kuru bee ho distansia dook.
Kestaun seluk maka siguransa interna iha postu integradu balu seidauk funsiona ho diak no serbisu ladun masimu hanesan halo pasa revista ba ema no sasan tama sai fronteira. Kazu konkretu ne’ebé FM indentifika mak iha postu integradu Mota-Masin (Cova Lima) hatudu katak autoridade Alfandega la halo pasa revista maibe membru siguransa GUARDAMOR mak halo fali pasa revista maibe husu deit sasan nain hodi esplika saida mak sira lori iha dos no karon laran. Kazu seluk mak komunidade ne’ebé hela besik fronteira iha Distritu Oe-Cusse ladun senti seguru relasiona ho problema fronteira ne’ebé to’o ohin loron seidauk iha solusaun.
Relasiona ho problema hirak ne’ebé mensiona iha leten sai hanesan prekupasaun ba membru UPF atu halo sira nia knar efetivu iha liña fronteira no Timor-Leste Presiza iha polítika ne’ebé ekilibru hodi dezeña estratejia siguransa nasional ne’ebé avansadu no dinamiku atu bele responde ba ameasa sira iha fronteira.
Rekomendasaun
1. Rekomenda ba Governu atu aumenta postu UPF iha liña fronteira, liu-liu area sira ne’ebé identifikadu nu’udar dalan “Tikus” hodi uza tama-sai no halo transakasaun illegal. Inklui mos aumenta rekursu umanu, hadi’a fasilidade, moderniza ekipamentu atu nune’e bele satan diak liu tan ameasa sira ne’ebé hakat liu fronteira.
2. Rekomenda ba Ministériu Komersiu no Industria – MKIA atu aslera lalais kordena ho Governu Indonezia hodi funsionamentu merkadu tradisional hirak ne’ebé establese tiha ona iha liña fronteira. Tanba diz-funsionamentu merkadu tradisional durante ne’e haburas negosiu ilegal barak iha fronteira ne’ebé la kontroladu, ikus mai fo ameasa ba siguransa nasional.
3. Rekomenda ba Governu atu fasilita ekipamentu screening postu integradu sira iha fronteira atu bele apoiu serbisu instituisaun relevante sira hodi halo pasa-revista kareta no sasan sira ne’ebé hakat liu fronteira.
4. Rekomenda ba Parlamentu Nasional Komisaun B atu halo monitoring no fiskalizasaun bebeik ba kondisaun UPF iha fronteira atu bele halo aprovasaun ba OJE tuir nesesidade riil iha terenu. Difikuldade barak maka UPF intrenta tinan ba tinan maibe to’o ohin loron seidauk iha solusaun.
5. Rekomenda ba Ministériu Justisa atu kontinua halo sosializasaun bebeik kona-bá prosedementu uza “Boarder Pass” ho komunidade sira iha fronteira atu nune’e bele minimiza aktu violasaun ba uza “Boarde Pass”. Komunidade barak maka iha fronteira kontinua uza dalan “Tikus” tanba ladun kompriende kona-bá uza “Boarder Pass”.
Atu hatene kle’an li’u kona-bá asuntu ne’e bele kontaktu:
Nélson Belo
Direktur Ezekutivu FM
Web: www.fundasaunmahein.org
E-mail: direktor.mahein@gmail.com
Telefon (+670) 7831 6075 ka bele kontaktu (+670) 7756 1184
Fundasaun Mahein (FM), 23 October 2014
Press Release
Challenges and Tentative Security at the Land Borders of Timor-Leste
Timor-Leste became the Republic Democratic of Timor-Leste (RDTL) after 24 years of Indonesian occupation. The state’s total area, measuring 15,007 m2, shares at least 228 kilometers of border territory with Indonesia.
Control of the boundary territory is an important aspect of state sovereignty. Therefore, the government of Timor-Leste must prepare quality policy and strategy to anticipate transnational threats, such as organized crime, human trafficking, drug trafficking, and other illegal activities poses threats to national security.
In order to address this aspect of national stability, the government of Timor-Leste has engaged in a cooperative border policy with Indonesia through the border securities, led by state agencies such as Unidade Polisia Fronteira (UPF), the Department of Migration, the Department of Taxes, the Department of Commerce, the Quarantine Unit, DNTT, and other relevant institutions.
Implementation of this cooperative policy continues to face obstacles, in terms of coordinating these institutions at the border. So far, institutions have proven unable to fully neutralize the transnational threats coming over the border line. Furthermore, the undeveloped commerce control systems at the borders could unintentionally allow illegal commerce to cross between the two countries.
This control system is still fragile, given the limitations of human resources, institutional capabilities, facilities, and equipment at border posts. Organized crime groups and private businesses will take advantage of this border control system by secretly transporting drugs, contraband, and military equipment, all of which threaten national security.
Another potential problem is the “Border Pass” Policy that the government has issued to districts that share the border with Indonesia, such as Covalima, Bobonaro and Oe-cusee. These ‘border passes’ aim to facilitate community activities, such as commerce, cultural events, and family visits at the border line. Monitoring has shown that this policy has given rise to many irregularities, and some people continue to violate the policy by using or passing “Dalan Tikus” at the border line.
Fundasaun Mahein’s monitoring determined that most people lack information about the difference between proper and improper uses of the “Border Pass.” Some people have misused the pass by carrying out family visits in Cova Lima than coming down to Dili for months at a time. Other Timorese citizens have used these passes to travel to other restricted provinces, such as Kupang and Bali.
FM has also witnessed the problems of the Unidade Polisia Fronteira (UPF), who have insufficient equipment and facilities. The UPF lacks access to necessary patrolling materials, such as lamps, binoculars, and GPS systems. Furthermore, it has been proven that UPF post in Wala-Lama does not have clear water, so members at this posting must travel long distances in order to bathe or cook.
Another threat to internal security is the poor functioning of integrated posts, some of which have not performed due diligence and inspection of movements across the border. A concrete example identified by FM is the integrated post in Mota-Masin, in Cova Lima District. FM’s monitoring showed that the Department of Taxes did not perform inspections of packages traveling across the border. Rather, these inspections were made by security members of GUARDAMOR, who simply asked the owners to explain the contents of their boxes. Furthermore, interviews have shown that people living near the border line in Oecusse feel insecure in regards to the border line, whose problems have yet to be resolved.
The aforementioned problems inhibit the ability of the UPF to carry out their duties effectively at the border line, and Timor-Leste must adopt a balanced reform policy that integrates advanced and dynamic deterrents to threats at the border.
Recommendations:
1. FM recommends that the government UPF posts at the border line, particularly in the areas using the ‘Free Pass’ Policy and those with identified illegal transaction histories. Furthermore, FM recommends the fortification of human resources, facilities, and equipments at the border, in order to effectively prevent the entrance of external threats.
2. FM recommends that the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MKIA) accelerate its coordination with the government of Indonesia in establishing traditional market activity at the border, because the uncertainty of these markets has allowed for the continued activity of illegal commerce across the border line.
3. FM recommends that the government provide screening equipment for the integrated posts at the border line, in order to enable border officials to inspect vehicles and deliveries that cross the border.
4. Recommends that Committee B of the National Parliament continue monitoring the UPF’s conditions at the border line and then approve a state general budget that reflects these necessities. The UPF has faced many problems over the years but has received no substantial help.
5. FM recommends that the Ministry of Justice continue holding socialization events that explain the procedures of the “Border Pass” Policy. By educating communities on this policy, the socialization events will hopefully help decrease violent acts and border violations associated with these passes.
For more details on this issue, please contact:
Nélson Belo
Executive Director of FM
Web: www.fundasaunmahein.org
E-mail: direktor.mahein@gmail.com
Phone (+670) 7831 6075 or (+670) 7756 1184
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